Seismic reflection surveys provide superior location precision because they are related to changes in the elastic properties of rock across a lithologic interface. It is important because geological concepts of stratigraphy can be applied on seismic data and hence, seismic stratigraphy can be used as a predictive tool for petroleum system elements like reservoir, seal and source rock. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate. The marcellus formation is a black shale that contains one of the worlds largest unconventional tight gas plays. Multicomponent seismic data analysis for interval rock.
Reservoir imaging using low frequencies of seismic reflections gennady goloshubin, university of houston, texas, u. The attributes define the shape and arrival time of. Pdf using seismic attributes for reservoir characterization. Main question of rock physics how to remotely map rock properties and conditions. Seismic reflections are generated at interfaces characterized by impedance contrasts separating rock units with different velocity and density values. V density times acoustic velocity seismic reflection amplitude is proportional to the relative impedance contrast across a contact of two layers. Lowfrequency seismic properties of thermally cracked and argonsaturated granite. Extended interfaces, homogeneous with small dip angles less than 15 20. Lithology, porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well control requires understanding of how rock s bulk and seismic properties are linked to each other and how they vary with geologic age, depth, and location. Seismic reflection an overview sciencedirect topics. Several theoretical models of these effective properties developed in recent years predict that the fractured rock will be inelastic, with complex seismic velocities and elastic moduli.
Seismic reflections of rock properties this book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock. Seismic refraction survey in imperial valley geovision typically uses the oyo das1 or geometrics r2460 seismograph for refraction and reflection investigations. Seismic impedance as any geophysical method, seismic reflection imaging is sensitive to only a specific physical property of the rock this property is called acoustic impedance. However, in seismic data processing, the density term is generally omitted since the variations in density are generally quite small, as compared to the variations in rock velocity. Request pdf seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface. Seismic reflections of rock properties, dvorkin, jack. Seismic reflections of rock properties by dvorkin, jack ebook. Application of shallow seismic methods to engineering.
Good correlation coefficients between the synthetic seismic and real seismic. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and production a practitioners guide. It can be used to derive important details about the geometry of structures and their physical properties. Accounting for rock physics models in stochastic seismic inversion msc candidate. Seismic stratigraphy techniques help us for stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflectors. Integration of well log and seismic reflection data in reservoir modeling 5. This is not based on any convincing theory but is roughly right when the effective pressure is high and the rock is fully saturated. Then, the rock properties and fluid are perturbed to find a synthetic seismic response at this new synthetic reservoir.
Hardrock seismic reflection through cover scholarworks. Participants will learn the uses of rock physics in interpreting the elastic properties of earth, as sensed by seismic radiation, for lithology, fluid, and porosity determination. This book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock. Seismic reflections of rock properties request pdf. Seismic reflection terminations, also termed lapout, are stratal discontinuities recognized on seismic sections that separate apparently conformable sedimentary units from nonconformable units, forming the basis of seismic sequence stratigraphy. Seismic models of reflections from attenuating layers. Download seismic reflections of rock properties 2014. Each unit has an acoustic impedance equal to the rock density multiplied by the seismic. The intensity of the reflection is dependent on how much energy is reflected back at the interface boundary. Integration of welllog and seismic reflection data in reservoir modeling 5. The key innovation is a seismic inversion method that functions on the principles of. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading seismic reflections of rock properties. Seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface to assess rock properties.
Vbulk v fluid vmatrix i i 1 1 where i is the porosity. Seismic reflections of rock properties semantic scholar. Vertical axis is the twoway reflection travel time, horizontal axes give the collocated sourcereceiver coordinates, color represents reflection amplitudes the colorcoded upper surface is the water bottom. Lawton abstract the devonian appalachian basin in the northeast united. Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate reservoirs in ramp settings alexander wunderlich. Accounting for rock physics models in stochastic seismic. Rock properties that affect seismic velocity 1 porosity. Seismic reflection is the most widely used geophysical technique.
To answer these questions, i link reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity, and saturation to seismic data by coupling deterministic rock physics relationships and bayesian statistics. Participants will learn the uses of rock physics in interpreting the elastic properties of earth, as sensed by seismic radiation, for lithology. Seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the seismic response from the subsurface to assess rock properties and conditions behind the observed seismic reflection amplitude, and to create an accurate geological subsurface model. A new method of extracting the fundamental rock properties, lames parameters. Porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well control requires understanding of how rocks bulk and seismic properties are linked to each other and how they vary with geologic age, depth, and location. The reflections can be traced up to station 40, where they appear to be interrupted, probably by a fault, as marked on the section. Seismic displays visualization is key to seismic data analysis 3d displays are mostly done interactively using workstations in this plot. There are commonly several layers beneath the earths surface that contribute reflections to a single seismogram. Ideal conditions of application coincidence between seismic interfaces and stratigraphical or lithological ones. Lithologic interpretations of the earth crust from seismic wave velocities are nonunique so that inferences about composition can not be drawn. Measuring and modeling of p and swave velocities on. Determining the physical properties of the bed rock. Seismic reflections of rock properties by jack dvorkin.
Much evidence shows the presence of low frequency spectral anomalies with a high degree of correlation to the location of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Seismic reflections of rock properties kindle edition by dvorkin, jack, gutierrez, mario a. Lawton abstract the devonian appalachian basin in the northeast united states holds vast reserves of hydrocarbons. Simultaneous inversion of shallow seismic data for imaging. To understand the physical reasons causing this phenomenon, and to utilize it as an attribute of hydrocarbon. Seismic reflections of rock properties jack dvorkin stanford university, california mario a. Reflection seismology or seismic reflection is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the earths subsurface from reflected seismic. Seismic reflections of rock properties request pdf researchgate. To answer these questions, i link reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity, and saturation to seismic data by coupling deterministic.
These synthetic traces can then be compared to actual seismic traces from the field. Velocities vp and vs versus porosity in 173 gassaturated carbonate core samples. The seismic reflection method involves the analysis of reflected waves, which occur later in the seismic record. Providing practical workflows, the book shows how to methodically vary lithology, porosity, rock type, and pore fluids and reservoir geometry, calculate the. Seismic reflections of rock properties this book provides an accessible guide to using the rock physicsbased forward modeling approach for mapping the subsurface, systematically linking rock properties to seismic amplitude. Much evidence shows the presence of low frequency spectral anomalies with a high degree of correlation to.
These discontinuities, based on seismic reflection terminations, are indicators of depositional sequences and system tracts formed by one or more of. Gutierrez shell international exploration and production, inc. There are more than 100 distinct seismic attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geological structure, stratigraphy, and rockpore fluid properties. A very rough rule due to wyllie is the so called time average relationship.
Each unit has an acoustic impedance equal to the rock density multiplied by the seismic velocity. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Mar 11, 2016 seismic reflections record attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarity, arrival time and velocity that can be measured or estimated. The forwardmodeling approach developed and advocated here results in nonunique solutions, because different combinations of rock properties may produce the same reflections. The main structures are in agreement with the ones interpreted from the original seismic data and from previous inversion study over this reservoir azevedo et al. Seismic reflections of rock properties stanford rock.
Seismic facies and hydrocarbon potential of carbonate reservoirs in ramp settings 5 interparticle, intercrystalline, moldic, vug, intraparticle, fracture and fenestral wang, 1997. Major fields of application of seismic reflection include. Request pdf seismic reflections of rock properties key global geophysical applications, such as prospecting for oil and gas, require interpretation of the. We use seismic reflection as a method of geophysical exploration that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the earths subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name. The resulting seismic amplitude is compared to real seismic data to determine the rock and fluid behind the seismic reflection spikes et al. The presence of smallscale heterogeneities, creating variability in seismic properties that are on the. Seismic reflections record attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarity, arrival time and velocity that can be measured or estimated.
Seismic reflection methods the physical process of reflection is illustrated in figure 1, where the raypaths through successive layers are shown. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Seismic reflections of rock properties by dvorkin, jack. There are more than 100 distinct seismic attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geological structure, stratigraphy, and rock pore fluid properties.
In order to evaluate how elastic properties of rock. The book catalogs various cases, including clastic sediments, carbonates, and timelapse seismic monitoring, and discusses the effect of attenuation on seismic reflections. The seismic section is of high resolution, which makes it possible to map the local smallamplitude structures and stratigraphic nonconformities. Variations of seismic reflections patterns of carbonate sediments result from the. Seismic refraction survey in imperial valley geovision typically uses.
Download seismic reflections of rock properties 2014 these want assigned exhibits of the deep download seismic reflections of in trace way. A comparison of the seismic crosssection and test results shows no correlation between the reflective properties of layers ac11 and ju0, and the character of fluid saturation. The book catalogs various cases, including clastic sediments, carbonates, timelapse seismic monitoring, and discusses the effect of attenuation on seismic reflections. Seismic seismic reflection reveals what is under the surface. University printing house, cambridge cb2 8bs, united kingdom published in the united states of america by cambridge university press, new york. The attributes define the shape and arrival time of reflection waveforms which depend on rock properties. Porosity, pressure, saturation rock and fluid prediction away from well. Reservoir imaging using low frequencies of seismic reflections. This book introduces readers to the field of seismic data interpretation and evaluation. There are commonly several layers beneath the earths. Seismic reflections occur due to acoustic impedance variations in stratal packages at interface boundaries.
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